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<p>Modeling terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) is central to predicting the global carbon cycle. Much interest has been focused on the environmentally induced dynamics of photosystem energy partitioning and how improvements in the description of such dynamics assist the prediction of light reactions of photosynthesis and therefore GPP. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (<span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span>) is a key parameter of the light reactions that influence the electron transport rate needed for supporting the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis. <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> is generally treated as a constant in biochemical photosynthetic models even though a constant <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> is expected only for non-stressed plants. We synthesized reported <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> values from pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry measurements in response to variable temperatures across the globe. We found that <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> is strongly affected by prevailing temperature regimes with declined values in both hot and cold conditions. To understand the spatiotemporal variability in <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span>, we analyzed the temperature effect on <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> across plant functional type (PFT) and habitat climatology. The analysis showed that temperature's impact on <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> is shaped more by climate than by PFT for plants with broad latitudinal distributions or in regions with extreme temperature variability. There is a trade-off between the temperature range within which <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> remains maximal and the overall rate of decline of <span class="inline-formula">Φ_PSIImax</span> outside the temperature range such that species cannot be simultaneously tolerant and resilient to extreme temperatures. Our study points to a quantitative approach for improving electron transport and photosynthetic productivity modeling under changing climates at regional and global scales.</p>