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The concentrations and ratios of plants C, N, and P serve as important indicators of ecological processes. However, how plant and soil C:N:P relationships and ratios change with forest stand types remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the ecological stoichiometric characteristics by measuring leaf and soil organic C, total N, and P contents in four stand types in Liaocheng, including <i>Populus tomentosa</i> Carrière pure forest, <i>Populus tomentosa–Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L. mixture forests, <i>Platanus orientalis</i> L. pure forest, and <i>Salix matsudana</i> Koidz. pure forests. We find that (1) The N and P leaf contents varied significantly across the four forest stands, with <i>Populus tomentosa–Robinia pseudoacacia</i> mixture forests having higher P levels. <i>Platanus orientalis</i> pure forests had lower C and N but higher P levels compared to others. (2) Uncoupled cycling of P in leaf–soil systems due to environmental influences, but C and N elements showed coupled cycles in some forest stands. (3) <i>Populus tomentosa</i> pure forests, <i>Populus tomentosa–Robinia pseudoacacia</i> mixture forests, <i>Platanus orientalis</i> pure forests are limited by N, and <i>Salix matsudana</i> pure forests are limited by both N and P elements. Overall, environmental factors, in addition to species variations, influence the C, N, P, and C:N:P ratios in leaves and soils of different forest stand types. Enhancing conservation and efficient use of N and P elements is crucial for sustainable plantation forest management to promote optimal growth in the region.