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The characterization of natural fungal diversity impacts our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes and can lead to novel bioproduct discovery. <i>Russula</i> and <i>Lactarius</i>, both in the order Russulales, represent two large genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi that include edible as well as toxic varieties. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, including nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the 28S large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), the ribosomal mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) gene sequences, we here describe and illustrate two new species of <i>Russula</i> and one new species of <i>Lactarius</i> from southern China. These three new species are: <i>R. junzifengensis</i> (R. subsect. Virescentinae), <i>R. zonatus</i> (R. subsect. Crassotunicatae), and <i>L. jianyangensis</i> (L. subsect. Zonarii).