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Abstract To ensure the power quality of a ship power system under disturbances due to changing sea states, an adaptive bus‐voltage controller with online load power fluctuation prediction is proposed to stabilize the ship bus voltage. The controller uses an online sequence extreme learning machine to update the output weight matrix and achieve an accurate online prediction of the ship load power fluctuations under the disturbance of random uncertainties. A stable additional control signal is provided to the bus‐voltage controller for adaptive operation. The prediction results are used to optimize the coordinated control of multiple generation systems and improve the bus‐voltage control performance by updating the droop control coefficients online. The adaptability provided by the online prediction algorithm and the performance of the bus‐voltage control are verified using recorded voyage data of an offshore marine engineering transport vessel.