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Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME), usually assisted with laparoscopy, is a new surgical technique for low rectal cancer resection. The preoperative evaluation, postoperative complication, robot assisted taTME, short prognosis and present dispute were included in this review, based on looking back of development history. Minimally invasive technology of taTME still located in explored stage. High-grade evidence-based medicine and the international multicenter clinical study were needed for the demonstration of long-term prognosis and effect of oncology.