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Results of experimental testing of the shot peened steel C55 specimens are presented in this paper. The aim was to establish behaviour of the compressive residual stresses induced by the shot peening at elevated temperatures; namely their stability in terms of temperature and time. Experimental work included verification of the tested material chemical composition, heat treatment (austenitization at 820 °C ± 5 °C for 30 minutes, cooling in the Durixol V70 oil at 20 °C ± 5 °C, high tempering at 450 °C ± 5 °C for 120 minutes, followed by cooling in air), tensile tests according to EN 10002-1 standard, hardness (HRC) measurements, shot peening with parameters Almen intensity 12A and coverage of 100 %, at the incidence angle close to 90° with respect to the specimen surface. The residual stresses state was evaluated by the X-ray diffraction measurement. It was concluded that the elevated temperature of 130 °C and after exposure of 100, 500 and 1000 hours, did not cause a significant decrease in compressive residual stresses.