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This paper describes an experimental study on the instability and atomization of liquid cylinders after the impact of shock waves. Single row water column, in-line double rows water columns and alongside triple rows water columns were evaluated in a horizontal shock tube. The diameter of water column and the Mach number in the experiments were 2.0–4.14 mm and 1.10–1.25, respectively. The global instability along the axial direction of water cylinders was focused. Using a high-speed camera, the developments of spike height, bubble depth and turbulent mixing zone, width were measured. Some comparison was also made between the present experimental results and the existing theoretical model.