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HER-2/<i>neu</i> is the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, which is associated with the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). HER-2/<i>neu</i>-specific T cell immunity has been shown to predict immunologic and clinical responses in PCa patients treated with HER-2/<i>neu</i> peptide vaccines. However, its prognostic role in PCa patients receiving conventional treatment is unknown, and this was addressed in this study. The densities of CD8+ T cells specific for the HER-2/<i>neu</i>_(780–788) peptide in the peripheral blood of PCa patients under standard treatments were correlated with TGF-β/IL-8 levels and clinical outcomes. We demonstrated that PCa patients with high frequencies of HER-2/<i>neu</i>_(780–788)-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes had better progression-free survival (PFS) as compared with PCa patients with low frequencies. Increased frequencies of HER-2/<i>neu</i>_(780–788)-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes were also associated with lower levels of TGF-β and IL-8. Our data provide the first evidence of the predictive role of HER-2/<i>neu</i>-specific T cell immunity in PCa.