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Characterization of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Contamination in Pork and Poultry Meat from São Paulo/Brazil: Serotypes, Genotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles
oleh: Vasco T. M. Gomes, Luisa Z. Moreno, Ana Paula S. Silva, Siddhartha Thakur, Roberto M. La Ragione, Alison E. Mather, Andrea M. Moreno
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-03-01 |
Deskripsi
Salmonellosis is a zoonosis of major relevance to global public health. Here we present the assessment of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> contamination in pork and poultry meat sold at retail markets in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 780 meat samples (386 poultry meat and 394 pork samples) were collected from 132 markets. From these, 57 samples (7.3%) were positive for <i>S. enterica</i> isolation, including 32 (8.3%) poultry meat and 25 (6.3%) pork samples. <i>S. enterica</i> isolates were further characterized for serotyping, antimicrobial resistance and genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial resistance analysis demonstrated two main profiles: pork isolates were more resistant to macrolides, β-lactams, tetracycline, phenicols, and fluoroquinolones, and poultry meat isolates presented higher resistance to fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and β-lactams. A total of 72.4% of poultry meat isolates were identified as <i>S.</i> Heidelberg, while most of pork isolates were <i>S.</i> Typhimurium (31.7%) and <i>S</i>. Give (16.7%). Genotyping resulted in most clusters consisting exclusively of pork or poultry meat, no cross-contamination was detected, and a tendency to differentiate isolates according to their serotypes and markets of origin. High resistance rates to critically important antimicrobials reinforce the importance of controlling Salmonella contamination in meat production chains.