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Surface meshes extracted from sparse medical images contain surface artifacts, there will produce serious distortion and generate numerous narrow triangle meshes. In order to eliminate the impact of the above factors, this paper presents a novel method for generating smooth and adaptive meshes from medical image datasets. Firstly, extracting the stack of contours by means of image segmentation and translating the contours into point clouds. The improved Multi-Level Partition of Unity (MPU) implicit functions are used to fit the point clouds for creating the implicit surface. Then, sampling implicit surface through dynamic particle systems based on Gaussian curvature, dense particles sampling in the high curvature region, sparse particles sampling in the low curvature region. Finally, generating triangle meshes based on particle distribution by using the Delaunay triangulation algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate high-quality triangle meshes with distributed adaptively and have a nice gradation of triangle mesh density on the surface curvature.