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The chemokines and their receptors: the main functions of chemokines are cell activation and stimulation of leukocyte migration. By interacting with G protein-coupled receptors, these proteins regulate many biological processes like apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis or organogenesis. They maintain the homeostasis of the lymphocyte compartment and ensure correct functioning of the immune system. Interestingly, the chemokines and their receptors are ideal targets for viruses. Furthermore, most cancers are characterized by a default of their expression or their activity.