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Micro- and nanotechnology-based carriers for protein delivery are continuously being developed and refined. Their advantages for protein therapeutics include enhanced bioavailability, stability, and permeability and reduced immunogenicity. Natural polysaccharides have aroused widespread interest in protein delivery systems due to their superior biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and abundance. In this review, we survey recent advances in microcarriers and nanocarriers using biomaterials and formulations derived from natural polysaccharides. Potential applications and challenges for future development are also discussed.