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This study investigated the molecular, phytochemical, and biological aspects of ten local Moroccan traditional landrace <i>Cannabis</i> seeds. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed using DNA barcode determination, revealing two distinct molecular profiles: “<i>Cannabis</i>, species <i>sativa,</i> subspecies <i>indica</i>” and “<i>Cannabis</i>, species <i>sativa</i>, subspecies <i>sativa</i>”. Furthermore, a new sequence was identified by sequencing of the THCA synthase coding gene. Chemical profiling via HPLC-ESI-FULL-MS and GC-MS-MS of AMSD1 maceration extracts revealed 13 non-volatile chemicals, including 3 inactive cannabinoids and 3 polyphenols, and 24 intriguing volatile compounds, including 7 previously unreported in <i>Cannabis</i> seed extracts. Moreover, the <i>in vitro/in silico</i> analysis provision of biological activities through their antioxidant power, antimicrobial effect, and cytotoxicity potency, as well as antiviral activity, were realized. These results contribute to a thorough comprehension of Moroccan <i>Cannabis</i> seeds, illuminating their molecular, phytochemical, and biological features. Furthermore, they highlight the seeds as a potential source of nutritious components with antioxidant properties, offering valuable insights for future research.