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Oligosaccharides from Palm Kernel Cake Enhances Adherence Inhibition and Intracellular Clearance of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Enteritidis In Vitro
oleh: Rui Qing Foo, Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi, Wei Li Chen, Syahida Ahmad, Kok Song Lai, Zulkifli Idrus, Juan Boo Liang
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2020-02-01 |
Deskripsi
<i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar (ser.) Enteritidis (<i>S.</i> Enteritidis) is a foodborne pathogen often associated with contaminated poultry products. This study evaluated the anti-adherence and intracellular clearance capability of oligosaccharides extracted from palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of the palm oil industry, and compared its efficacy with commercial prebiotics— fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)—against <i>S.</i> Enteritidis in vitro. Based on the degree of polymerization (DP), PKC oligosaccharides were further divided into ‘Small’ (DP ≤ 6) and ‘Big’ (DP > 6) fractions. Results showed that the Small and Big PKC fractions were able to reduce (<i>p</i> < 0.05) <i>S.</i> Enteritidis adherence to Cancer coli-2 (Caco-2) cells at 0.1 mg/ mL while MOS and FOS showed significant reduction at 1.0 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively. In terms of <i>S.</i> Enteritidis clearance, oligosaccharide-treated macrophages showed better <i>S.</i> Enteritidis clearance over time at 50 µg/mL for Small, Big and MOS, while FOS required a concentration of 500 µg/mL for a similar effect. This data highlights that oligosaccharides from PKC, particularly those of lower DP, were more effective than MOS and FOS at reducing <i>S.</i> Enteritidis adherence and enhancing <i>S.</i> Enteritidis clearance in a cell culture model.