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Abstract This paper aims to present an application of the Riemann–Hilbert approach to treat higher-order nonlinear differential equation that is an eighth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation arising in an optical fiber. Starting from the spectral analysis of the Lax pair, a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem is formulated strictly. Then, by solving the obtained Riemann–Hilbert problem under the reflectionless case, N-soliton solution is generated for the eighth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Finally, the localized structures and dynamic behaviors of one- and two-soliton solutions are illustrated by some figures.