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Purpose: To study the arteriovenous fistula patency, duration of its maintenance, and its relativecomplications.Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty patients who had undergone hemodialysis duringfive years (1996 to 2001) were included in this study. The patency rate and complications,including paresthesia, pain induced by ischemia, venous hypertension, infection, erythema, andedema, were assessed. Data were recorded in the pre-designed questionnaire and statistically analyzedusing t test.Results: Mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 58.08 ± 11.73 years (range, 18 to 80years). Most of the fistulas were created at the left bracheocephalic (58 subjects). Side-to-sidetechnique was the mostly applied technique (99.2%). The fistula patency was 100%, 92.64%,89.48%, 84.38%, and 83.61% at year 1 to 5, respectively. There was a significant negative correlationbetween the subjects’ age and maintained patency (P = .02). However, no significantdifference was observed between the maintained patency and other variables, including gender,location of the fistula, and the type of the technique applied for creation of the fistula (P > .05).Conclusion: Diabetes does not have a negative impact on the rate of patency and its duration inarteriovenous fistula. However, further investigations on a larger population are recommended.