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van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs) formed between 2D materials have attracted tremendous attention in recent years owing to their exceptional electronic and physical properties, such as formation of superlattice and intriguing electronic coupling at the interface. These unique properties promise various novel applications, for example, in electronics and optoelectronics. More recently, vdWHs have been used for catalysis. Herein, after briefly reviewing their properties and assembly, we summarize and discuss the progress on vdWH-based photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Finally, we provide an outlook on the development of this emerging field.