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Background and purpose: Widespread use of plant pesticides in agriculture resulted in increasing concerns about pesticide hazards. In this research, the residual levels of pesticides in melons were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Materials and methods: In this study, 75 samples of melons in Tehran market were used for simultaneous analysis of a variety of common pesticides in melons by GC/MS in two modes of scanning and SIM (Selected Ion Monitoring). Results: Among the samples, 8% were found with different types of residual pesticides, including pirimicarb (0.007 μg/g), dimethoate (0.03 μg/g), metalaxyl (0.015 μg/g), Alpha-endosulfan (0.012 μg/g), and permethrin (0.008 μg/g). All contaminations were less than the limits set by the Codex and the United States of America (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The standard limitations of pesticides in melons are not yet recommended in Iran, so, current findings could be used by authorities in determining these residual limits.