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Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion is the key route for the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and utilization of carbon sources to obtain value-added products or fuels. Much attention is paid to the development of novel materials with high CO2 adsorption capacity and conversion rate. MXene is the graphene-like two-dimensional metal carbide/nitride/carbonitride owning favorable structure, morphology, high surface–bulk ratio, and physicochemical properties. Here, we review the CO2 capture, sensing, and conversion by MXene and MXene-based materials. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism involved the capture, sensing, and conversion of CO2 is summarized. This review would open a new horizon for CO2 valorization with high efficiency and promising widespread applications.