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A cytological study was carried out on four <i>Zingiber</i> species from Thailand, namely, <i>Z. chrysostachys</i>, <i>Z. isanense</i>, <i>Z. junceum</i>, and <i>Z. niveum</i>, which are edible and beautiful ornamental plants. They all have somatic chromosomal numbers of 2<i>n</i> = 22. This research contributes to karyological knowledge regarding this species. The somatic chromosomal counts of <i>Z. niveum</i> and <i>Z. isanense</i> are reported for the first time, as are the NFs of all species, which were all discovered to be 44. All four edible and ornamental species had their karyotypes: 16m + 6sm for <i>Z. chrysostachys</i>, 4m + 18sm for <i>Z. isanense</i>, 12m + 10sm for <i>Z. junceum</i>, and 14m + 4sm + 4st for <i>Z. niveum</i>. The dominant characteristics of these four <i>Zingiber</i> species are as follows: <i>Z. chrysostachys</i> has yellow bracts, pale yellow flowers, and a red labellum with white dots; <i>Z. isanensis</i> has red-brown bracts, white flowers, and a white labellum; <i>Z. junceum</i> has green bracts, yellow flowers, and a yellow labellum; and <i>Z. niveum</i> has white bracts, yellow flowers, and a yellow labellum. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) of the karyotype formula was used to divide the four <i>Zingiber</i> species into two groups via various points using the chromosome indexes (CIs): <i>Z. niveum</i> (D) with <i>Z. chrysostachys</i> (A), and <i>Z. junceum</i> (C) with <i>Z. isanensis</i> (B). This finding implies that, while being in the same stage, the CIs of these four <i>Zingiber</i> species can be used to distinguish them, revealing their resemblance at unique stages and close relationship. Accordingly, the chromosomal structure, karyotype formulae, and CIs can be used to distinguish these four edibles and ornamental <i>Zingiber</i> species from Thailand.