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<i>Alternaria</i> is a ubiquitous fungal genus including saprobic, endophytic, and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. It has been separated into 29 sections and seven monotypic lineages based on molecular and morphological data. <i>Alternaria</i> sect. <i>Porri</i> is the largest section, containing the majority of large-spored <i>Alternaria</i> species, most of which are important plant pathogens. Since 2015, of the investigations for large-spored <i>Alternaria</i> species in China, 13 species were found associated with Compositae plants based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses. There were eight known species and five new species (<i>A. anhuiensis</i> sp. nov., <i>A. coreopsidis</i> sp. nov., <i>A. nanningensis</i> sp. nov., <i>A. neimengguensis</i> sp. nov., and <i>A. sulphureus</i> sp. nov.) distributed in the four sections of <i>Helianthiinficientes</i>, <i>Porri</i>, <i>Sonchi</i>, and <i>Teretispora</i>, and one monotypic lineage (<i>A. argyranthemi</i>). The multi-locus sequence analyses encompassing the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS), glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), <i>Alternaria</i> major allergen gene (Alt a 1), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), revealed that the new species fell into sect. <i>Porri</i>. Morphologically, the new species were illustrated and compared with other relevant large-spored <i>Alternaria</i> species in the study. Furthermore, <i>A. calendulae</i>, <i>A. leucanthemi</i>, and <i>A. tagetica</i> were firstly detected in <i>Brachyactis ciliate</i>, <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>, and <i>Calendula officinalis</i> in China, respectively.