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Direct   examination    of   the   tracheobronchial   tree  with   flexible    fiberoptic  bronchoscopy has  greatly  facilitated  the  diagnosis , staging    and management   of   pulmonary   neoplasms  and other lung diseases.    The purpose of this brief review is assessed to see the indication and rate    of diagnosis of this procedure in a regional center such as Hamadan.          Fiberoptic bronchoscopy survey in 300 patients in a two year study by    author showed that its most important indication in 261 cases  (87%)  was    for  the  diagnosis  of  bronchogenic  carcinoma  and  210 cases of them    (85%) showed abnormal changes in the bronchi.Malignancy was proved    in 183  cases  by  pathologic  investigations.   The  commonest  radiologic    finding which could reveal of abnormal bronchoscopy view was collapse    atelectasis and central opacity followed by RUL involvment.          Recently with using brushing biopsy  and  providing  cell block ,  some       experiments are being brought into existance in Hamadan.Complication    with  this  procedure  are  very rare  and concerning the efficiency of this    procedure    in    out    patients    with   local   anasthesia   and  the   least    preparation  has plain preference to rigid bronchoscope.