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In this study, 1T phase MoS₂ nanosheets were synthesized on the surface of a carbon cloth via a hydrothermal reaction. After heat treatment, the 1T phase MoS₂ was transformed into the 2H phase with a better capacity retention performance. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, 2H phase MoS₂ on the carbon cloth surface delivers a capacity of 1075 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 50 cycles; while the capacity of the 1T phase MoS₂ on the surface of the carbon cloth without heat treatment fades to 528 mAh g⁻¹. The good conductivity of a carbon cloth substrate and the separated MoS₂ nanosheets help to increase the capacity of MoS₂ and decrease its charge transfer resistance and promote the diffusion of lithium ions in the electrode.