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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in the peri-implant soft tissue of single-implant crowns supported by either zirconia or titanium abutments in healthy subjects. Serial sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from peri-implant mucosa of 25 patients were immunohistochemically analyzed for CD3 and CD20 lymphocyte marker expression. The results showed that levels of T cells (CD3) were higher around zirconia than titanium abutments (p<0.05). On the contrary, the levels of B cells (CD20) were found higher around titanium abutment in comparison with the zirconia abutment. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).