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Two-dimensional nanomaterials are used in biosensors due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which have many advantages in the development of biosensors, such as improving the response speed, improving the detection sensitivity, shortening the detection time and simplifying the operation procedure. In recent years, they have shown great application prospects in the field of food safety detection and have gradually become a hot research topic. Based on an analysis of the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials including graphene, graphene alkyne, and graphene-like materials in the field of analytical sensing, this paper reviews the progress that has been made in the past five year in the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials in the detection of organic pollutants in foods, food additives, foodborne pathogens and heavy metals, and also presents an outlook on future prospects. This review is expected to provide ideas and theoretical references for researchers.