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The role of arctic and boreal area is crucial in understanding rapidly changing global climate. The climate change itself has an enhanced effect in arctic and boreal areas. On the other hand, several feedback loops and mechanisms could either enhance or decelerate climate change. Besides these interlinks, the territory has enormous natural resources and the way they are utilised in future gives us a direction how to meet global grand challenges and regional impacts. Regionally, effective early warning systems and comprehensive monitoringwill guide in reducing emissions in practise and save natural resources. Here we give insightinto these issues, introduce the SMEAR (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) concept applicable to the PEEX network, and give a roadmap from deep understanding to practical solutions.