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Ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steel was irradiated by proton and Au-ion at 400 °C to investigate the irradiation damage and hardening behavior. For the samples irradiated by proton, dislocation loops and dislocation lines were found in F/M steels and the proton irradiation induced dislocation loops were mostly a0 〈1 0 0〉 type with a few 1/2a0 〈1 1 1〉 type. For the samples irradiated by Au-ion, many voids were found in F/M steels and the void size increased with the increasing irradiation depth (0–420 nm). The void density climb up and then decline with the irradiation depth increasing from 0 nm to 450 nm. The damage distribution under proton and Au-ion irradiation were accorded well with the calculation results by SRIM. In addition, hardening effects happened in both proton and Au-ion irradiated F/M steels.