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Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2.1% of the world's populationhas been infected and millions of people have died. COVID-19 has become the most serious public health problemthroughout the world. Immune system is very important to control and eliminate SARS-CoV-2. The imbalance ofimmune responses aggravates lung tissue inflammatory injury and other organ damages. Here, we elaborate the pro‐cess of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate and adaptive immune response of host cells against SARS-CoV-2, theclassification and preparation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and immunotherapy drugs from the perspective of im‐mune mechanism, which provides a scientific basis for the diagnosis, condition monitoring, treatment and progno‐sis of COVID-19.