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Xanthium strumarium is a traditional folk medicinal plant. The 50% ethanol eluting faction of X. mongolicum had significant activity to inhibit necroptosis. In order to investigate the active constituents, the active fraction of X. mongolicum were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods such as repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR, MS spectraoscopic analyses and comparison with lirerature date. The results were as follows: A total of 14 compounds were isolated from the active part and identified as hydroxydihydrobovolide(1), raspberry ketone(2), salicyl alcohol(3), 4-hydroxyl-acetophenone(4), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(5), ethyl caffeate(6), ferulaldehyde(7), isoscopletin(8), 3,3′-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)(9), axillarin (10), quercetin (11), (+) pinoresinol(12), β-sitosterol(13) and palmatic acid(14). Compounds 1-4, 7-10 were all isolated from Xanthium mongolicum for the first time.