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The antifungal activity of cinnamon (<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Presl), litsea [<i>Litsea cubeba</i> (Lour.) Pers.], clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L.), thyme (<i>Thymus mongolicus</i> Ronn.) and citronella (<i>Cymbopogon winterianus</i> Jowitt) essential oils (EOs) against the dominant fungi isolated from moldy peanuts was investigated in this research. Firstly, strain YQM was isolated and identified by morphological characterization and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (<i>A</i>. <i>flavus</i>). Next, antifungal effects of single or mixed EOs on strain YQM were evaluated by the inhibition zone test. The cinnamon-litsea combined essential oil (CLCEO, V_{cinnamon oil}:V_{litsea oil} = 3:5) displayed the best antifungal effect on strain YQM. The chemical composition of CLCEO was identified and quantified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and results revealed that the major components of CLCEO were cinnamaldehyde and citral. Finally, the effect of EOs on the microstructure of strain YQM mycelia was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mycelia exposed to cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and litsea essential oil (LEO) were partly deformed and collapsed, while the mycelia treated with CLCEO were seriously damaged and the deformation phenomena such as shrinking, shriveling and sinking occurred. Therefore, CLCEO has great potential for using as anti-mildew agents during peanut storage.