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The IQ67 Domain (<i>IQD</i>) gene family plays important roles in plant developmental processes and stress responses. Although IQDs have been characterized in model plants, little is known about their functions in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), especially their roles in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Here, we identified 73 members of the <i>IQD</i> gene family from the wheat genome and phylogenetically separated them into six major groups. Gene structure and conserved domain analyses suggested that most members of each group had similar structures. A chromosome positional analysis showed that <i>TaIQDs</i> were unevenly located on 18 wheat chromosomes. A synteny analysis indicated that segmental duplications played significant roles in <i>TaIQD</i> expansion, and that the <i>IQD</i> gene family underwent strong purifying selection during evolution. Furthermore, a large number of hormone, light, and abiotic stress response elements were discovered in the promoters of <i>TaIQDs</i>, implying their functional diversity. Microarray data for 50 <i>TaIQDs</i> showed different expression levels in 13 wheat tissues. Transcriptome data and a quantitative real-time PCR analysis of wheat varieties with contrasting seed dormancy and germination phenotypes further revealed that seven genes (<i>TaIQD4</i>/<i>-28</i>/<i>-32</i>/<i>-58</i>/<i>-64</i>/<i>-69</i>/<i>-71</i>) likely participated in seed dormancy and germination through the abscisic acid-signaling pathway. The study results provide valuable information for cloning and a functional investigation of candidate genes controlling wheat seed dormancy and germination; consequently, they increase our understanding of the complex regulatory networks affecting these two traits.