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In this knowledge-based era, intellectual property management (IPM) plays an important role in companies’ strategic decision-making process and contributes to firm performance. Textile and garment is one of the most crucial industries in Vietnam’s economy. Firms in this industry are, however, trapped in the lowest part of the U-shape international value chain, which creates small added value. One of the reasons for this stagnancy is the low capability of IPM. How does intellectual property management affect firm performance in Vietnam’s textile and garment industry? To address this question, we study three Vietnamese companies in the industry. We used the AIDA behavioural maturity model adopted from Kjaer (2009) to analyze the position of intellectual property management in those companies. We then provided some directions for Vietnam’s companies in the textile and garment industry.