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<i>Paris polyphylla</i> var. <i>yunnanensis</i>, a medicinal plant that originated in Yunnan (China), has been over-harvested in the wild population, resulting in its artificial cultivation. Given the negative environmental impacts of the excessive use of phosphorus (P) fertilization, the application of organophosphate-degrading bacteria (OPDB) is a sustainable approach for improving the P use efficiency in <i>Paris polyphylla</i> var. <i>yunnanensis</i> production. The present work aimed to analyze the effects of three organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of <i>Bacillus</i> on the yield and quality of <i>P. polyphylla</i> var. <i>yunnanensis</i> and the P concentrations in the soil. All the inoculation treatments distinctly increased the rhizome biomass, steroidal, and total saponin concentrations of the rhizomes and the Olsen-P and organic P in the soil. The highest growth rate of rhizomes biomass, steroidal saponins, available phosphorus, and total phosphorus content was seen in the S7 group, which was inoculated with all three OPDB strains, showing increases of 134.58%, 132.56%, 51.64%, and 17.19%, respectively. The highest total saponin content was found in the group inoculated with <i>B. mycoides</i> and <i>B. wiedmannii</i>, which increased by 33.68%. Moreover, the highest organic P content was seen in the group inoculated with <i>B. wiedmannii</i> and <i>B. proteolyticus,</i> which increased by 96.20%. In addition, the rhizome biomass was significantly positively correlated with the saponin concentration, together with the positive correlation between the Olsen-P and organic P and total P. It is concluded that inoculation with organophosphate-degrading bacteria improved the biomass and medicinal ingredients of the rhizome in <i>P. polyphylla</i> var. <i>yunnanensis</i>, coupled with increased soil P fertility, with a mixture of the three bacteria performing best.