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An ideal plant architecture is an important condition to achieve high crop yields. The tiller angle is an important and complex polygenic trait of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) plant architecture. Therefore, the discovery and identification of tiller angle-related genes can aid in the improvement of crop architecture and yield. In the present study, 222 SSR markers were used to establish a high-density genetic map of rice doubled haploid population, and a total of 8 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected based on the phenotypic data of the tiller angle and tiller crown width over 2 years. Among them, four QTLs (<i>qTA9</i>, <i>qCW9</i>, <i>qTA9-1</i>, and <i>qCW9-1</i>) were overlapped at marker interval RM6235–RM24288 on chromosome 9 with a large effect value regarded as a stable major QTL. The selected promising related genes were further identified by relative gene expression analysis, which gives us a basis for the future cloning of these genes. Finally, <i>OsSAURq9</i>, which belongs to the <i>SMALL AUXIN UP RNA</i> (<i>SAUR</i>), an auxin-responsive protein family, was selected as a target gene. Overall, this work will help broaden our knowledge of the genetic control of tiller angle and tiller crown width, and this study provides both a good theoretical basis and a new genetic resource for the breeding of ideal-type rice.