Water and Its Various Forms in Persian Mystical Literature (Based on Ibn Arabi's School from the 7th to 9th centuries)

oleh: Mahdi Heidari

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press 2020-06-01

Deskripsi

Ibn Arabi's school uses the metaphor of water and its many forms to illustrate the idea of plurality within unity. To Ibn Arabi and his followers, water represents existence in a variety of forms such as drops, the sea, waves, rivers, snow, moisture, clouds, snow, gems, rose water, and even living creatures. There are many characteristics of water and its forms that are emphasized in Ibn Arabi's school and the poets who were influenced by him in Persian literature, including malleability, purity, vitality, fluidity, motion, magnificence, covering, and astonishment. A key metaphor of Ibn Arabi's school in Persian poetry and prose from the seventh through ninth centuries is examined in this article, emphasizing the works of Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi, Fakhr al-Din Iraqi, Aziz ad-Din Nasafi, Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, Shah Nimatullah Wali, Shah Qasim-i Anvar, and Jami, among others.