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Graphdiyne science is a new and rapidly developing interdisciplinary science in important fields including chemistry, physics, information science, material science, life science and environmental sciences and so on. The continuous emergence of innovative breakthroughs in graphdiyne has brought new vitality to the research and development of graphdiyne, unlocked the power of graphdiyne to accelerate scientific progress and provided tremendous opportunities for achieving transformative breakthroughs in various research fields. In this perspective, the growth, self-assembly method, aggregation structure, chemical modification and doping of graphdiyne, the fundamental properties of graphdiyne, and the applications of graphdiyne in catalysis, energy storage, photoelectronic, life science, detector and material separation are discussed. In particular, the future opportunities and challenges to this booming research area are comprehensively highlighted to inspire researchers to achieve even greater achievements in the field of fundamental and applied researches of graphdiyne.