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Phosphorus-Containing Polymers as Sensitive Biocompatible Probes for <sup>31</sup>P Magnetic Resonance
oleh: Lucie Kracíková, Ladislav Androvič, Iveta Potočková, Natalia Ziółkowska, Martin Vít, David Červený, Daniel Jirák, Richard Laga
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-03-01 |
Deskripsi
The visualization of organs and tissues using <sup>31</sup>P magnetic resonance (MR) imaging represents an immense challenge. This is largely due to the lack of sensitive biocompatible probes required to deliver a high-intensity MR signal that can be distinguished from the natural biological background. Synthetic water-soluble phosphorus-containing polymers appear to be suitable materials for this purpose due to their adjustable chain architecture, low toxicity, and favorable pharmacokinetics. In this work, we carried out a controlled synthesis, and compared the MR properties, of several probes consisting of highly hydrophilic phosphopolymers differing in composition, structure, and molecular weight. Based on our phantom experiments, all probes with a molecular weight of ~3–400 kg·mol<sup>−1</sup>, including linear polymers based on poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(ethyl ethylenephosphate) (PEEP), and poly[bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)]phosphazene (PMEEEP) as well as star-shaped copolymers composed of PMPC arms grafted onto poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-<i>g</i>-PMPC) or cyclotriphosphazene-derived cores (CTP-<i>g</i>-PMPC), were readily detected using a 4.7 T MR scanner. The highest signal-to-noise ratio was achieved by the linear polymers PMPC (210) and PMEEEP (62) followed by the star polymers CTP-<i>g</i>-PMPC (56) and PAMAM-g-PMPC (44). The <sup>31</sup>P <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> relaxation times for these phosphopolymers were also favorable, ranging between 1078 and 2368 and 30 and 171 ms, respectively. We contend that select phosphopolymers are suitable for use as sensitive <sup>31</sup>P MR probes for biomedical applications.