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Large rivers without hydrological data from remote sensing observations have recently become a hot research topic. The Irrawaddy River is among the major tropical rivers worldwide; however, published hydrological data on this river have rarely been obtained in recent years. In this paper, based on the existing measured the total suspended matter flux (F_TSM) and discharge data for the Irrawaddy River, an inversion model of the total suspended matter concentration (C_TSM) is constructed for the Irrawaddy River, and the C_TSM and F_TSM from 1990 to 2020 are estimated using the L1 products of Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS and Landsat-5 TM. The results show that over the last 30 years, the F_TSM of the Irrawaddy River decreased at a rate of 3.9 Mt/yr, which is significant at the 99% confidence interval. An increase in the vegetation density of the Irrawaddy Delta has increased the land conservation capacity of the region and reduced the inflow of land-based total suspended matter (TSM). The F_TSM of the Irrawaddy River was estimated by fusing satellite data and data measured at hydrological stations. The research method employed in this paper provides a new supplement to the existing hydrological data for large rivers.