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Three new <i>p</i>-terphenyl derivatives, named 4″-<i>O</i>-methyl-prenylterphenyllin B (<b>1</b>) and phenylcandilide A and B (<b>17</b> and <b>18</b>), and three new indole-diterpene alkaloids, asperindoles E–G (<b>22</b>-<b>24</b>), were isolated together with eighteen known analogues from the fungi <i>Aspergillus candidus</i> associated with the South China Sea gorgonian <i>Junceela fragillis</i>. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and DFT/NMR and TDDFT/ECD calculations. In a primary cultured cortical neuronal network, the compounds <b>6</b>, <b>9</b>, <b>14</b>, <b>17</b>, <b>18</b> and <b>24</b> modulated spontaneous Ca²⁺ oscillations and 4-aminopyridine hyperexcited neuronal activity. A preliminary structure–activity relationship was discussed.