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There is a real consensus that new antibiotics are urgently needed and are the best chance for combating antibiotic resistance. The phylum Actinobacteria is one of the main producers of new antibiotics, with a recent paradigm shift whereby rare actinomycetes have been increasingly targeted as a source of new secondary metabolites for the discovery of new antibiotics. However, this review shows that the genus <i>Streptomyces</i> is still the largest current producer of new and innovative secondary metabolites. Between January 2015 and December 2020, a significantly high number of novel <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. have been isolated from different environments, including extreme environments, symbionts, terrestrial soils, sediments and also from marine environments, mainly from marine invertebrates and marine sediments. This review highlights 135 new species of <i>Streptomyces</i> during this 6-year period with 108 new species of <i>Streptomyces</i> from the terrestrial environment and 27 new species from marine sources. A brief summary of the different pre-treatment methods used for the successful isolation of some of the new species of <i>Streptomyces</i> is also discussed, as well as the biological activities of the isolated secondary metabolites. A total of 279 new secondary metabolites have been recorded from 121 species of <i>Streptomyces</i> which exhibit diverse biological activity. The greatest number of new secondary metabolites originated from the terrestrial-sourced <i>Streptomyces</i> spp.