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Modern endoscopic technologies at careful mucous surface examination make possible diagnosis of early gastric cancer, or even absolutely small flat superficial epithelial neoplasms. Various endoscopic methods were worked out to improve primary and precise clarifying diagnosis for dysplastic gastric lining changes and early gastric cancer. The international recommendations developed by the group of experts allow to define uniform tactics for maintaining patients with dysplastic changes of mucous membrane and early cancer. Wide-ranging studies of diagnostic endoscopy possibilities are going on together with development and improvement of available endoscopic technologies. In the present article we present a review of the modern endoscopic techniques for gastric mucosa dysplastic changes and early gastric cancer.