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<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Introduction.</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong><span lang="EN-GB">The maintainaning of optimal perioperative fluid and electrolyte balance in the perioparative period (before, during and after an operation) is a crucial for anaesthesia and intensive therapy. Fluid treatment interferes with the metabolism and functioning of all organ systems, therefore it is important that the patient gets the right type and quantity of fluid at the right time. Perioperative fluid therapy should be guided by the patient’s condition and type of the operation procedure. <span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;">In fluid therapy, one should take into consideration the need for fluid maintenance (basal metabolism needs), preoperative fluid loss correction (e.c. duration of preoperative starving, especially in children), and aim for good tissue perfusion with an adequate fluid load. The </span><span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">final goal of fluid replacement is to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, intravascular volume and consequently cardiovascular stability (adequate cardiac output), organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation. </span>Before, during and after surgery balanced fluids should be used, in order to minimise disturbances to the<a name="_GoBack"></a> electrolyte balance. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-GB">In our article, literature of perioperative fluid replacement is reviewed. The results of the latest research have provoked a lot of criticism and disagreement about colloids. Only guidelines about crystalloid application are presented.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Conclusions. </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">The latest guidelines for perioperative fluid therapy emphasise the application of balanced intravenous fluids that minimise electrolyte and acid base balance disturbances. It is important to individualise the amount of the intravenous fluid to avoid hyper- or hypovolemia. The correct choice of the type of solution is equally important as any other medication that influences the patient’s outcome.</span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Navadna tabela"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]-->