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A lightweight microwave-absorbing material with a strong electromagnetic-absorption capability of practical significance in the field of electromagnetic compatibility was obtained by adjusting the ratio of Fe₃O₄ and rGO. A nanoparticle material with a chain-typed structure consisting of a combination of Fe₃O₄ and rGO was produced by a hydrothermal method under an applied magnetic field. The electromagnetic loss property of the Fe₃O₄@rGO composites is studied in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz. In addition, the reflection loss and the mechanism of microwave absorption are explored. By changing the amounts of rGO, the electromagnetic loss of the Fe₃O₄@rGO composites can be effectively regulated, which obtain better reflection loss. The minimum reflection loss of the Fe₃O₄@rGO composites is −49.4 dB at 16.2 GHz only with a thickness of 1.75 mm. Thus, the Fe₃O₄@rGO composites have an extremely thin thickness and a strong electromagnetic wave absorption capacity, which is a candidate for the development of lightweight magnetic absorbing materials.