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Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with an unknown cause. The diagnosis is established after metastatic extra-thoracic sarcoma and other primary lung malignancies have been excluded. We report the case of a 19-year-old man who presented with a well-defined mass in the right lower lobe on a chest X-ray. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery right lower lobectomy was performed. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, TLE-1, CK7, S-100 and Bcl-2, and focally positive for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin. A cytogenetic study revealed a SYT genetic reassortment, and so the final pathological diagnosis was primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma.