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The prolamin (avenin) patterns of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars released in the Czech Republic and in the former Czechoslovak Republic were analysed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). Forty-nine oat (Avena sativa L.) accessions of domestic origin, maintained in the Czech collection of oat genetic resources, were analysed. The evaluated set contained 18 modern and 31 old cultivars. Thirty accessions showed a homogeneous prolamin pattern. The other accessions were heterogeneous with two or three different patterns, present at different percentages. Heterogeneity was present in 48% of the old cultivars, but only in 22% of the modern cultivars. Identity indexes within the heterogeneous accessions were calculated. The index values ranged from 0.09 to 0.75. Only in two heterogeneous cultivars (Dětenický Bílý, Valečovský Bílý) the identity index between their components was higher than 0.6, indicating, that their components were most likely sister lines. All analysed cultivars could be unambiguously distinguished by their prolamin pattern. The obtained prolamin patterns will be used to complete descriptor data of the genetic resources and might be useful also in oat breeding and research.