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The occurrence of different degrees of phosphorus deficiency in the vast majority of <i>G. uralensis</i> cultivation regions worldwide is common. There is a pressing need within the cultivated <i>G. uralensis</i> industry to identify appropriate exogenous substances that can enhance the uptake of phosphorus and improve both the yield and quality of the taproots of <i>G. uralensis</i>. This study was conducted to investigate the fine root and taproot morphology, physiological characteristics, and secondary metabolite accumulation in response to the supply of varying concentrations of LaCl₃ to <i>G. uralensis</i>, to determine the optimal concentration of LaCl₃ that can effectively enhance the yield and quality of <i>G. uralensis</i>’s taproots, while also alleviating its reliance on soil phosphate fertilizer. The findings indicate that the foliar application of lanthanum enhanced root activity and increased APase activity, eliciting alterations in the fine root morphology, leading to promoting the accumulation of biomass in grown <i>G. uralensis</i> when subjected to P-deficient conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the nutrient uptake of <i>G. uralensis</i> was significantly improved when subjected to P-deficient conditions but treated with LaCl₃. Additionally, the yield and quality of the medicinal organs of <i>G. uralensis</i> were significantly enhanced.