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Ammonium Removal in Wastewater Treatments by Adsorbent Geopolymer Material with Granite Wastes: Full-Scale Validation
oleh: M. Otero, L. Freire, S. Gómez-Cuervo, C. Ávila
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-03-01 |
Deskripsi
Elevated ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) concentrations in untreated waterways contribute to eutrophication and dissolved oxygen depletion. Geopolymer (GP) materials are introduced as sustainable, straightforward operation and low-cost option for pollutant adsorption through ion exchange mechanism. In the present study, a porous metakaolin-based geopolymer with granite waste additions was synthetized, characterised and validated as adsorbent material for NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> pollution in water. At this point, treatments to reduce GP alkalis leaching were also considered to comply with the water discharge regulations. The adsorption mechanism was analysed by Redlich-Peterson isotherm model concluding that NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> was disposed on the GP surface as a monolayer with strong physical-chemical attraction between molecules. Kinetics of the process followed the Weber-Morris rate equation being the intraparticle diffusion the limiting process. Continuous experiments at lab-scale suggested a maximum removal of 97% during the first hours and an adsorption capacity (q) of 25.24 mg/g. Additionally, as a main novelty of the work, the GP was validated in a full-scale pilot plant monitoring pH, electrical conductivity and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentration. The obtained data revealed that the GP is high selective in a real wastewater stream and removed 81% of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, higher adsorption values than those reported for natural and some synthetic zeolites.