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In order to make magnesium alloys more widely used in modern industry， the research on the corrosion type and mechanism of magnesium and magnesium alloys has become an important goal. In this paper， the research progress on the influence of anions in typical corrosive media on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys was systematically summarized. Namely， the corrosion behavior and corrosion reaction mechanism of magnesium alloys in solutions containing chloride ions， sulfate ions， phosphate ions and carbonate ions were introduced， mainly including the study of corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys under typical medium conditions using electrochemical polarization curves， impedance spectroscopy and weight loss methods， as well as the analysis of corrosion causes based on the corrosion mechanism. Finally， the research direction of magnesium alloy corrosion and protection is prospected.