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In this paper, the sampled measurement is used to estimate the neuron states, instead of the continuous measurement, and a sampled-data estimator is constructed. Leakage delay is used to unstable the neuron states. It is a challenging task to develop delay dependent condition to estimate the unstable neuron states through available sampled output measurements such that the error-state system is globally asymptotically stable. By constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF), a sufficient condition depending on the sampling period is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, by using the free-weighting matrices method, simple and efficient criterion is derived in terms of LMIs for estimation.