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In this paper, a gain-enhanced patch antenna with a periodic microstrip rampart line is proposed. The periodic microstrip rampart line can modify the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, and help to improve the gain of the traditional microstrip patch antenna. Based on the antenna design principle, a formula for calculating the gain-enhanced frequency point is proposed. A proposed high gain microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the gain of the proposed antenna reaches 10.0 dBi, which is 2.55 dB or 79.9% higher than that of the traditional patch antenna at the same operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. The measured and simulated results show a high consistency.